| 2009 |
Chinese Academy of Sciences Einstein Professorship |
| 2001 |
Golden Plate Award of the American
Academy of Achievement |
| 1999 |
Karl
Schwarzschild Medal of the Astronomische Gesellschaft |
| 1993 |
Vainu Bappu Memorial Award of the Indian National Science Academy |
| 1985 |
Smithsonian Institution's Regents Fellowship |
| 1977 |
Sherman Fairchild Fellowship of California
Institute of Technology |
| 1970-72 |
Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship |
| 1960-65 |
National Science Foundation Fellowship |