Abstract from the paper Gravitational-Wave and Gravitational-Wave Memory Signatures of Core-Collapse Supernovae, by Lyla Choi, Adam Burrows, and David Vartanyan; Astrophysical Journal, 975, 12, 2024:

In this paper, we calculate the energy, signal-to-noise ratio, detection range, and angular anisotropy of the matter, matter memory, and neutrino memory gravitational wave (GW) signatures of 21 three-dimensional initially non-rotating core-collapse supernova (CCSN) models carried to late times. We find that inferred energy, signal-to-noise ratio, and detection range are angle-dependent quantities, and that the spread of possible energy, signal-to-noise, and detection ranges across all viewing angles generally increases with progenitor mass. When examining the low-frequency matter memory and neutrino memory components of the signal, we find that the neutrino memory is the most detectable component of a CCSN GW signal, and that DECIGO is best-equipped to detect both matter memory and neutrino memory. Moreover, we find that the polarization angle between the h_+ and h_x strains serves as a unique identifier of matter and neutrino memory. Finally, we develop a galactic density- and stellar mass-weighted formalism to calculate the rate at which we can expect to detect CCSN GW signals with Advanced LIGO. When considering only the matter component of the signal, the aLIGO detection rate is around 65% of the total galactic supernova rate, but increases to 90% when incorporating the neutrino memory component. We find that all future detectors (ET, CE, DECIGO) will be able to detect CCSN GW signals from the entire galaxy, and for the higher-mass progenitors even into the local group of galaxies.

Matter Strain Files

The files are saved as "9a_strains_x.txt" in the "matter_strain_files" folder as separate files for all of the 21 models and the x,y, and z directions. Each txt file contains a (len(t), 3) array that is organized in columns as (time, hplus, hcross). You can read the data of this file by running (in the Python context):

time, hp, hc = np.loadtxt("matter_strain_files/9a_strains_x.txt").T

Matter Quadrupole Files

The files are saved as "9a_quads.txt" and contains a (len(t), 13) array for time, Qxx, Qxy, Qxz, Qyy, Qyz, Qzz,

dQxx, dQxy, dQxz, dQyy, dQyz, dQzz for all 21 models. All components can be read as:

time, Qxx, Qxy, Qxz, Qyy, Qyz, Qzz, dQxx, dQxy, dQxz, dQyy, dQyz, dQzz = np.loadtxt("quadrupole_files/9a_quads.txt").T

Neutrino Strain Files

The files are saved as "9a_strains_x.txt" in the "neutrino_strain_files" folder as individual files for all 21 models in the x,y, and z directions. Each txt file contains a (len(t), 3) array that is organized in columns as (time, hplus, hcross). You can read the data of this file by running:

time, hp, hc = np.loadtxt("neutrino_strain_files/9a_strains_x.txt").T

Spectra:

GW Spectra Files

The files are saved as "9a_spectrum.txt" in the spectra files folder as individual files for all 21 models. All GW spectra are calculated in the x-direction. Each file contains an array of shape (len(freq), 2) organized in columns as (freq, sensitivity). The data can be read by running:

freq, sensitivity = np.loadtxt("sensitivity_files/9a_spectrum.txt", usecols=(0, 1), dtype="complex128").T

(Note the dtype="complex128" command is important for the data to be read properly)